BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that results in significant consequences in active population of the society. In traditional manuscripts, there are many indications about the antidepressant effects of rose OIL. The purpose of this study was to determine the antidepressant effects of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL. METHODS: All experiments were carried out on male Swiss-Webster mice (25-30 gr). The antidepressant activities of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL were assesed using the forced swim test. In this test, mice were placed into a cylinderical glass (25 cm height, 12 cm in diameter) containing a column of 17 cm of water at 25±1°C. After 30 min (for the injection route) or 2 weeks (for the oral route) of the rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL administrations, the mice were subjected to forced swimming test for 8 min.FINDINGS: Acute subcutaneous (s.c.) injection or chronic oral administration of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL significantly decreased the immobility time in the mouse forced swim test. The GERANIUM OIL response was biphasic. Pretreatment of animals with amphetamine and nortriptyline also reduced the immobility time. The inhibitory effects elicited by rose OIL, GERANIUM OIL and amphetamine but not nortriptyline were antagonized by reserpine.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the antidepressant activities of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL may be mediated through a presynaptic mechanism.

The erial parts of GERANIUM rotundifolium L. were collected during the flowering stage from National Botanical Garden of Iran in Jun 2001. Dry leaves of the plant were hydrodistilled for obtaining the essential OIL. No significant amount of the OIL was produced so it was separated from water by adding diethyl ether, and analysed by GC and GC/MS.The major constituents determind in leaf OIL were a-terpinyl acetate (39.3%) and pulegone (27.7%), respectively.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that may result in significant consequences in active population of the society. In traditional manuscripts there are many indications about the antidepressant effects of rose OIL, but so far no scientific research has been done about this subject. The purpose of present study was to determine the antidepressant effects of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL. GERANIUM OIL is similar to rose OIL due to the effective components. All experiments were carried out on male Swiss-Webster mice (25-30 g). The antidepressant activities of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL were assessed using the forced swim test according to the method published by porsolt (6). This test is the most widely used tool for antidepressant activity preclinically. In this test, mice were placed into a cylindrical glass (25 cm height, 12 cm in diameter) containing a column of 17 cm of water at 25 ±1oC. After 30 min (for the injection route) or 2 weeks (for the oral route) of the rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL administrations, the mice were subjected to forced swimming test for 8 min. Acute subcutaneous injection or chronic orally administered of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL significantly decreased the immobility time in the mouse forced swim test. The GERANIUM OIL response was biphasic. Pretreatment of animals with amphetamine and nortriptyline also reduced the immobility time. The inhibitory effects elicited by rose OIL, GERANIUM OIL and amphetamine but not nortriptyline were antagonized by reserpine. The results suggest that the antidepressant activities of rose OIL and GERANIUM OIL may be mediated through a presynaptic mechanism.

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome, by affecting different aspects of women's lives, needs to be controlled. Due to the lack of knowledge of the exact cause of this syndrome, several treatments have been proposed for it. One of the treatment Methods: is the use of aromatherapy, The present study was performed with aim to determine the effect of aromatherapy with GERANIUM essential OIL on premenstrual syndrome in students. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted in 2020 on 80 students with premenstrual syndrome in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For the intervention group (5 days before menstruation), GERANIUM essential OIL and in the control group, a placebo (odorless sweet almond OIL) was used. After two consecutive menstrual cycles, the post-test questionnaire was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 22) and chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the dimensions and the total score of the premenstrual syndrome questionnaire in the two intervention and control groups before the implementation of aromatherapy (p>0. 05), while after the implementation of aromatherapy, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the dimensions and the total score between the two groups, so that the intensity of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome significantly decreased in the aromatherapy group (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Aromatherapy with GERANIUM essential OIL is effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and its use is recommended as a complementary, cheap, non-invasive treatment with few side effects.

Pelargonium odoratissimum is a perennial evergreen used as a fragrant ornamental plant. Leaves, green branches and fresh flowers contain essential OILs, that have been shown to possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. In order to study the effect of foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg L-1) on vegetative growth and some physiological characteristics of Pelargonium odoratissimum L. plants, a pot experiment was carried out during 2015 at the Research Greenhouse of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran. Vegetative growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight) was significantly affected by the application of ZnSO4. Foliar application of ZnSO4 promoted plant height especially at 2000 mg L-1. Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were affected with ZnSO4 treatment as well. The content of essential OIL was not significantly influenced with ZnSO4 spray. ZnSO4 application had significant effect on total phenolic and anthocyanins (at 1000 and 2000 mg L-1) and total flavonoids (at 2000 mg L-1) content.

In order to study the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers, a field experiment was carried out by using of split plot based on randomized complete block design with seven treatment and three replications on GERANIUM (Pelargonium graveolens), in Fahlian, Nourabad, Fars province territory. Treatments concluded control (no fertilizer and vermicompost), pure nitrogen (200 kgh-1), vermicompost 4 th-1 with 160 kgh-1 nitrogen, vermicompost 8 th-1 with 120 kgh-1 nitrogen, vermicompost 12 th-1 with 80 kgh-1 nitrogen, vermicompost 16 th-1 with 40 kgh-1 nitrogen and pure vermicompost (20 tonh-1). Traits assessed include: plant height, number of lateral branches, biologic yield, branches yield, essential OIL percentage, essential OIL yield and harvest time. Results indicated significant effect of fertilizer treatments and harvesting time on all traits except harvest time. The intraction of harvesting time and fertilizer was only significant on biological yield and essential OIL yield. The mean comparision showed that all traits were higher in the secend harvest compared to the first one. In two harvests organic fertilizer leading to increase studied traits compared to the control treatment. Application of 20 th-1 vermicompst and after that, treatment of 16 th-1 vermicompost with 40 kgh-1 nitrogen had the highest effect in increasing studied traits.

The aim of this study is investigation on effect of stem end splitting and GERANIUM essential OIL on vase life on quality of cut chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum L.). This experiment arranged as factorial based on RCD with 2 factors of stem end splitting at 2 levels (with splitting and without splitting) and GERANIUM essential OIL at 6 levels (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 %), with 12 treatments, 3 replications, 36 plots and 144 cut flowers. In this experiment traits such as vase life, water absorption, fresh weight, dry matter percent and °brix were measured. ANOVA showed that different among treatments was significant for vase life, °brix and fresh weight in 1% probability and for dry matter percent and water absorption in 5% probability. Results showed that different treatments improved vase life compared to control and maximum vase life was achieved in 5 cm splitting + 10% GERANIUM essential OIL with 18.41 days compared to control (7.05 days).